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Initially, the struggle was political, as opposed to military. EOKA, in Grivas' words, wanted to attract the attention of the world through high-profile operations that would make headlines. [22] Formation [ edit ] Leadership [ edit ] Bellingeri, Giampiero; Kappler, T. (2005). Cipro oggi. Casa editrice il Ponte. ISBN 978-88-89465-07-3. Ganser, Daniele (2005). Nato's Secret Armies: Operation Gladio and Terrorism in Western Europe. Routledge. p.213. ISBN 978-0-7146-5607-6. The truce against the colonial authorities lasted until 28 October 1957 ( Ohi Day, Greek national holiday) when Harold Macmillan, British minister of foreign affairs, declined a proposal by Makarios. [114] December 1957 – August 1958 (Foot governorship and intercommunal violence) [ edit ]
a b Ağır, Ülkü (2014). Pogrom in Istanbul, 6./7. September 1955: Die Rolle der türkischen Presse in einer kollektiven Plünderungs- und Vernichtungshysterie (in German) (1ed.). Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag. p.161. ISBN 978-3-87997-439-9. Richter 2011, p.254: ANE (Valiant Youth of EOKA), a pupil's group was created, ANE had a branch in every school.In August 1955, Adnan Menderes the Turkish president at the time, announced that Turkey wouldn't accept any change in the status quo of Cyprus which were not in Turkeys interests. [50] In Turkey, the public opinion was un-eased. Rumors were spreading in Turkish media that a slaughter of the Turkish Cypriot community was likely to occur. Though they were unfounded they led to nationalist reactions in the country and the government-sponsored anti-Greek Istanbul pogrom of September 1955. [51] At the same time, during the London Trilateral Conference between Britain, Turkey and Greece, an agreement failed to materialize due to Turkish intransigence. [52] [53] During a meeting between the end of August and 7 September 1955, Turkey also argued that if the status quo of Cyprus under a British administration would not be respected, the whole Treaty of Lausanne would be questionable. [50] From October 1955 to March 1956 (Operation Forward Victory, phase I) [ edit ] Richter 2007, p.114-15; French 2015, p.17: French writes: " But Greek Cypriot teachers and parents insisted that education should follow a classical curriculum that promoted a Greek ethnic identity and preserved the Greek character of the island, a curriculum that also instilled into pupils a sense of historical awareness that supported their claims for Enosis.27" There are various monuments dedicated to the members of EOKA who died during the years of combat who are largely regarded as war-time heroes by Greek-Cypriots. Part of the central jail of Nicosia established by British governor Harding functions after the Cypriot independence as a museum. This includes the prisons cells, the gallows and the " Incarcerated Graves" of 13 EOKA fighters who were either executed or killed by the colonial authorities. [150] Foreign Office declassified documents and EOKA lawsuits against the British government [ edit ]
The Problematic Prince Chapter 58 Spoilers, Release Date, Countdown, Recap, Where To Read & Other Updates Hadjistylianou, Michalis; Giorgos Ploutarhos (2005). "Οι δύο όψεις της ιστορίας για τους εκτελεσθέντες (The two views on the assassinations)". Simerini (in Greek). Archived from the original on 25 February 2008 . Retrieved 15 August 2008. Mallinson, William; Mallinson, Bill (22 July 2005). Cyprus: A Modern History. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-85043-580-8. Isachenko, Daria (20 March 2012). The Making of Informal States: Statebuilding in Northern Cyprus and Transdniestria. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780230360594.
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Frendo, Henry (1998). "The naughty European twins of empire: The constitutional breakdown in Malta and Cyprus 1930–1933". The European Legacy: Toward New Paradigms. 3 (1): 45–52. doi: 10.1080/10848779808579863. Manager Kim Chapter 115 Release Date, Reddit Spoilers, Raw Scan, Countdown, Recap, Plot & Recent News Kraemer, Joseph S. (Winter 1971). "Revolutionary Guerrilla Warfare & the Decolonization Movement". Polity. 4 (2): 137–158. doi: 10.2307/3234160. JSTOR 3234160. S2CID 155657462. St. Margaret’s House is an arts and wellbeing charity, offering a wide programme of arts, wellbeing and community events across our creative studio spaces. According to historian Heinz Richter, the activities of EOKA resulted in the death of 104 British soldiers, 54 policemen (among them 15 Greek Cypriots, 22 Turkish Cypriots and 12 British) and 238 citizens (among them 26 British, 203 Greek Cypriots and 7 Turkish Cypriots) [141] Aftermath [ edit ]
Novo, Andrew R. (2012). "Friend or foe? The Cyprus Police Force and the EOKA insurgency". Small Wars & Insurgencies. Informa UK Limited. 23 (3): 414–431. doi: 10.1080/09592318.2012.661609. ISSN 0959-2318. S2CID 144663807.
What does the name Ayoka mean?
The main objective of EOKA was Enosis. The organization adopted typical Greek national ideologies and displayed religious, conservative and anticommunist ideas. [2] [3] This was in agreement with the prevailing ideas of Cypriot society at the time. [28] [29] There was a widespread belief that leftists opposed national objectives and provided a certain support to the colonial regime [30] contrary to other contemporary anti-colonial insurgencies in Africa or Asia, which were led by Marxists. [31] ANE ( Greek: Άλκιμος Νεολαία ΕΟΚΑ – "Alkimos Neolaia EOKA", lit.'Alkimos Youth EOKA') was the EOKA youth movement during the struggle for enosis between 1955 and 1959. The youth organisation had a self-governing body that was directly responsible to the leader of EOKA, Digenis. Among its activities was demonstrating against the British rule in Cyprus. [37] Armed campaign [ edit ] A British soldier facing a crowd of demonstrators during the Battle at Nicosia Hospital in 1956 From April 1955 to the dismissal of governor Armitage (October) [ edit ]
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